Jenna Westfall (UR)- Suck Like Glue

So I am kind of stuck in a hot mess right now. At first I was interested in doing research on plastics in sea turtles but it turns out that it might not work out which is totally okay. I'm not one to make a big deal out of anything but now I am just concerned that I might not be able to find a topic. If any of you guys have suggestions as to topics I could maybe consider, please let me know! I love marine life, I thought about doing something maybe with jellyfish but I have no idea what. PLEASE HELP!!! Here is a brutal video of a sea turtle with a plastic straw stuck in its nose :(.

Karen (UR) Old MacDonald had a farm >>

And on that farm he had fertilizers and a lot of manure.  Too bad no one taught him a safe and environmentally friendly way to turn that waste back into a way to feed, fertilize and irrigate his farm.

Thanks to Dr. Woodall for the input on my IRP, I now have my question and have revamped my experiment.

First, the question:  Is there a level of N (nitrate) that will kill the duckweed?

Now for the change in my experiment:  I will be using 4 culture dishes, 4/12 inch in diameter with a 250ml capacity.  There will be one control; DI water (150ml) and 3 that will have the same amount of duckweed and 150ml of water.  The control will have no plants and I will count out the duckweed plants for the other 3 so that each dish has the same amount, haven't decided on what that amount will be.  When I receive the plants, then I'll make that decision.  These plants are very small.

I will monitor the water level, nitrate amount and evaporation rates every 48 hours as well.  Adjusting water levels for evaporation and transpiration as needed.

Because of the limited amount of time for my IRP, I am as yet unsure of how much nitrate I will add to the water.  

Lemna minor  The little plant with big possibilities

 

Cynthia UR Nature Bound

Hello readers, my trek continues exploring the unfamiliar domain of the microscopic individuals that inhabit our oceans; they created much of the very land we stand on and to this day effect the carbon cycle as they have for over 500 million years.

My new friends are numerous and each quite unique in complexity in a long evolutionary development.

Relationships like Acantharea living symbiotically with Zooxanthellae; from within sarcodine Acantharea is contained a Zooxanthellae that perform photosynthesis, providing a carbon food source that results in nutrients in return to Microalgae that are not photosynthetic (autotrophs), some are heterotrophic; dinoflagellates eat bacteria, other microalgae, and even their own. Today I’ve chosen a phytoplankton grazer Calanus spp. (calanoid copepods) for the spot light picture. Something tells me these little guys and I will be real close. This picture compliments of a reference guide;

 Kirby, Richard. R. (2011) Ocean Drifters a secret world beneath the waves. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books U.S.Inc.       

The 'perfect' product- Plastic UR-Allie

Oceanic food chart

   In the modern world we favor expendable and disposable chemically produced materials over reusable ones. In a fast pace world where saving time is of the most importance, we depend heavily on convenience and efficiency. As we blindly develop and mold a world more catered to our wants, we forget about all the other species that we also depend on in our ecosystems.


  Plastics are chemically produced materials that never completely breakdown. They're cheap, overproduced and easily accessible making them the perfect market for consumption. Globally, we rely on these materials for everyday use and in turn we overproduce it in mass quantities to be distributed. In addition- nowadays we are creating thicker, stronger and more durable plastics to accommodate us. We have introduced a substance in abundance into the world that can not be naturally broken down and properly disposed. The plastic trend has become more and more popular amongst individuals all over the world. Studies in 2010 have concluded that there's an estimated 8.8 million tons of plastic waste in our ocean. Unfortunately our oceans are regularly used as a disposal route for the extreme over pollution of plastics. Leaving the sea creatures confused and often tangled up in it. Many species consume large amounts of materials that cannot naturally breakdown forcing the animals digestive system to shut down resulting in deformities and/or death.

It takes plastic about 400 years to break down the toxic chemical waste. Here are some examples of marine life injury from pollution.

If you were wondering how long some of your products take to degrade in water

   For my independent research project I want to focus on the effects of pollution on marine wildlife. I want to particularly spotlight the relationship of species of fish and consumption of plastics in their stomachs. I would like to investigate if the species type and typical habitat (i.e bottom dwellers, pelagic, ect.) influence the probability of plastic ingestion. We know what can result in the consumption of plastic and other non biodegradable products, but I want to try to understand if the type of fish and its remote location in the waters is relevant to consumption. For example, fish species that tend to stay closer to the surface vs. bottom feeders.

  I plan to visit a series of 3 different locations at various times of the day over the course of the semester to scope the area for recently dead fish. Each locations environmental data will be recorded as well as other important measurements. Once I discover the fish I will take photographs, measure and identify the species of fish. My method is to recover the remains of the fish's stomach and further examine the contents. The goal of this collected data is to reveal a correlation between the species and amount of plastics recovered.

   Perhaps people have always revolved their lifestyle around simplification and ease. Plastic is seen by many people as simple and easy. However, plastic is taking a strong toll on the environment and the effects are devastating. Reuse and recycle when you can, a fishes life may depend on it.




Macklin, Malorie. “Is It Really Worth the Convenience? 6 Ways Plastic Is Harming Animals, the Planet and Us.” One Green Planet, 23 Nov. 2017, www.onegreenplanet.org/environment/how-plastic-is-harming-animals-the-planet-and-us/.

Lonne, Torben. “How Ocean Pollution Impacts Marine Life-and All of Us.” MarineSafe, 3 May 2016, www.marinesafe.org/blog/2016/04/18/how-ocean-pollution-impacts-marine-life-and-all-of-us/.

Niki UR--The ins and outs of the Inlet

 After much consideration I've come to the conclusion that the study of sharks in the Indian River Lagoon isn't a feasible project with the amount of time I have to complete it and the resources currently available to me.
Officially moving on to Idea #2 with a lot of help from Dr. Woodall...

Now my focus shall be to collect water samples from the Indian River Lagoon and Halifax Rivers as they feed in and out of the Ponce Inlet to the ocean There will be a total of four water samples, one from the IRL, one from the Halifax (both during ebb tide), and two from the inlet, one at a flood tide and another at an ebb tide. I will then use a several instruments from the marine science lab at DSC to determine salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, total nitrate and phosphate, and the Total Suspended Solids. Once I have determined each of these for each site, I will then be able to make a lot of comparisons between the IRL and Halifax River, and one of the main goals is to see if one river carries more nutrients than the other. Samples 3 and 4 will be used to track the difference in movement of nutrients in incoming vs outgoing tides.
I'll be using similar canisters and collection methods from our water sample experiment this week, either off shore or
I'm really interested to see what the results will be!

approximations of site locations, labeled 1 - 4

Some of the materials I will be using:
YSI 85 Oxygen Conductivity Salinity Temperature:  used for (you guessed it) dissolved oxygen, salinity and pH
HACH Calorimiter DR /890: used for total nitrates and phosphates
HACH 2100N Turbidmeter: TSS

Jordan (UR) The Feeble Oyster vs the Mighty Microplastic Cont.

     Well, unfortunately I did not get approval to use the maricultured oysters, I will still use the same area, just wild oysters. I am going up there on Sunday to take pictures of the area, however it is basically a little cove west of the river, right near where the inlet dumps into the ocean near St. Augustine.  Its seems I will have to collect ~25 wild oysters from site a in Saint Augustine. Once we have the oysters from there and we examine them using the techniques given to me by Dr. Woodall. From that point we will have to find an area similar to that in our local river, in which I will collect another ~25 oysters and examine them in the lab as well. We will see what happens from there. Oysters might be on the menu the following night.

Cynthia UR Nature Bound

I'm getting to know my new friends the plankton; small creatures key to life as we know it.  
The effects of climate change, on their range and waste water on a balance once kept. 
In the  process of  digging though piles of information to uncover recent information that concerns my location here on the central Florida coast. I recently reached out to "Research-gate" to gather more insight to what I may see in my samples of seawater. I have the opportunity to submit a seawater sample for analysis this coming Thursday and will wade out into shark-bite capitol New Smyrna waters in the morning to get it.  Nervous? well maybe a little.  The fish take their chances and so do I every time I get on the freeway. So, the pace is slow til we get things into place and the reading goes on (forever). 
PS No pic this time.

Hannah Vu-Bennett UR - Beginning of my IRP!

After researching on googles search engine, I’ve come across many news coverages of aquifers being contaminated by incidents of fracking, salt intrusion, leaching from sewage, chemicals, and other toxic wastes. I did not come across as many research case studies, however, I did come across a research program that collected data from private wells along the panhandle of Florida. They accumulated data such as the levels of calcium carbonate, fluoride, sodium, iron, and nitrate. From this data they found elevated levels of nitrate in predominantly agricultural regions, which exceeded the national frequency found in the EPA survey. Not much information was found in the DSC library search engine online. Most articles were claimed to be removed or was simply not found. After coming across the website of this research program, It brought me insight on how to approach my IRP!

This image shows areas of vulnerability of Florida's aquifers. As you can see, Volusia County is more Vulnerable to contamination based on its high porosity and permeability. 

Augustus UR - "Why do we Fall? So we can Learn to Pick Ourselves Back Up."

This blogpost is going to be a different one entirely from some of my other classmates. In my previous post I detailed this project that I was going to be working on this semester, well due to the rigorous testing that the study involved it wouldn't be possible to accomplish it in the constraints of the semester and more importantly it was WAY above any type of testing I've done basically I'm used to using acids that might burn if you touch them not the ones that will melt your skin if you accidentally touch them. Before I get started I want to thank Dr. Brown for even including me in on this research, most people wouldn't even think to give some one with not much experience a chance to learn like that. Unfortunately for me there goes my chance to work with someone I could call Doc Brown *insert groans for horrible Back to the Future joke*. The other outcome of this situation is it a great moment to take away a life lesson, when one door closes another door opens, you just have to keep looking and not allow yourself to dwell on the the felling of failure or letting someone down. Science and failure go hand in hand, every scientist fails from time to time the difference is if you can pick yourself back up and try again.

So now without further adieu my new project will be monitoring sea level rise due to climate change using a HOBO Data Logger graciously supplied by Dr. Woodall. What I will be attempting to study is the change in water level vs historical data and comparing that to the data being collected by researchers down at Florida Tech in Melbourne to see the effects of Climate Change on our sea level and how quickly it is increasing. There will be some difficulties with this project first getting to a spot where this can be deployed and getting permission to deploy it in said location, so my data collection might be slow and I might be left with just a proposal this semester but this project is something I'm going to stick with for a long time. It is an important topic to me and I'm extremely excited to start working on this.

The U20L Data Logger being used for this Research

Katie U.R: Its a Shark-saster!

So in the last week I thought I would have to give up my project on bacteria in sharks, but luckily Professor Woodall handled all of the issues that were piling up, so big thank you to her! While she was handling that, I was scrambling to find a facility who would allow me to do my testing in their lab. I emailed countless facilities that specialized in either bacteria or in sharks. Everyone kept coming back to me saying that their labs were already filled with projects and everything. So I was almost going to give up and just choose another project but tonight I got two amazing emails, one from Woodall and another from a lady by the name of Andriana Fragola. Ms. Fragola is apart of the University of Miami Shark Research Center. She told me to give her the details of my project and she would see if she was able to help out with anything since she is familiar with Nathan R. Unger's research. Hopefully I will be hearing back from her again !

Nathan R. Unger

Now you're questioning, " Who is Nathan R. Unger?" Nathan Unger does research in Clinical Pharmacology. He did a study with Erich Ritter, Robert Borrego, Jay Goodman, and Olayemi Osiyemi on Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Bacteria Isolated within the Oral Flora of the Florida Blacktip. 

What they found was that when they did the Gram Stain test that Gram-negative compromised a significantly higher portion of bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria. The overall antibiotic resistance rate was 12% for all antibiotics tested.

Table of the Gram Stain taken during the Unger Research

Now back to my research project! I have started to put a word document together just to organize my thoughts about everything.I haven't come up with a procedure yet for when I do catch the sharks but its baby steps and I will get there. But first I will have to build the remote sampling device that Ugner used in his research. Since they cost about $10,000 to get one I thought it would be cost efficient to make one I found on a DIY website.  Clallam County in Washington State's website helped me with materials and instructions needed to make a Sampling device.

Remote Sampling Device Used in Unger's research

Listed below is my title, questions, sharks being used, location, and materials for my remote sampling device:

-Title: Bacteria Loves You and the Sharks

-Question: Are drug-resistant bacteria only common in certain species of sharks on the ponce inlet or do they vary from shark to shark?

-Sharks Im Using: Anything. Anything I catch will be sampled. The more the better!

-Location-Ponce Inlet, because so many incidents have happen here with shark bite victims, I believe this will be the best place to catch sharks.

-Materials for device: (1) extendable painting rod; 6 feet extendable to 12 feet ,(1) 2-inch Irwin Speed Clamp, (2) 8/32" x 2" bolts, (2) 8/32" locking nuts, (4) #6 washers, (2) pieces closed-cell foam, 1.5" x 10" (trim to length after installing), (2) 5" or longer nylon wire ties

I'll be keeping everyone undated on how the tool is looking. I'm going to start building it tonight! I'm excited that I am finally able to start this project!

Jordan (UR) The Feeble Oyster vs the Mighty Microplastic Cont.

      For my IRP, it seems that there have been a few studies done on the impact of microplastics upon the reproductive systems of oysters, along with the study of cultured oysters and the impact of microplastics from run off into those closed systems. Other than those two there doesn't really seem to be that many, that are related directly to the study of microplastics in oysters, and marine bivalves in general. That's all the information I could find on the subject. Now if I can do my project on how to cook oysters, that's a different game to play.

Niki UR Osmosis Jaws

I was lucky enough to stumble upon an article of a 30 year study of the Indian River Lagoon and it's role as a bull shark nursery during the spring, summer and fall. The synthesis combined data collected over a 30 year time frame and included several different studies done in different areas of the river system. Age 0 sharks seem to prefer northern areas and its warmer temperatures and lower salinity, such as the Mosquito Lagoon area. Included in the article were CPUE rates for different types of gear and the different areas over the 30 year span, and I've come to the conclusion that what I may have had in mind for my project probably isn't feasible. The best way for me to collect data that would produce results would be to drive much farther south than I had anticipated, and there is the added obstacle of equipment.

Changing gears, I only have an inkling of where to begin! Bull Sharks are able to live in lower salinity areas because of  their osmoconformic nature, the process in which the shark changes the way their kidneys function to produce large amounts of watered down urine in order to maintain proper balance between the shark and environment.
The ability of some marine animals to inhabit these environments with such different salinity concentrations is something that interests me, and seeing as I live a mere 2 blocks from the beach and river, and want to take advantage of the ease of access to these two different sites. Possibly an experiment on the comparison of water quality measurements from the ocean to the Halifax River? I live several miles from the inlet and wonder what the salinity, water clarity, temperature and energy levels are for the river versus the ocean at the same position across the street.

Michelle (UR) - It's a material world.

Note to anyone doing research: watch your search terms. Upon searching for an electrostatic screen, I came across all kinds of things, from air filters to anti-static mats. Unfortunately, none of the materials I came across are easily adaptable to my project. This roadblock simply steered my project idea in another direction. Instead of relying on static electricity, also known as the triboelectric effect, I decided to try using piezoelectricity for the filter. I hope to use water pressure to create a net charge to attract the microplastics from the water. I have found a material that I would like to make the membrane itself from, which is alginate. This material is derived from seaweed, and used in a variety of biomedical applications, and is used to make dental molds. A bit more research should lead me to the best powder to mix in, whether aluminum, titanium, or something I haven't considered yet. The charge does not need to be much, just enough to capture any fibers (hopefully).


Lee, Kuen Yong and David J. Mooney. (2012) Alginate: properties and biomedical applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 37(1), 106-126. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003
Nandini,V. Vidyashree, K. Vijay Venkatesh and K. Chandrasekharan Nair. (2008) Alginate impressions: A practical perspective. Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD, 11(1), 37–41. http://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.43416
The TriboElectric Series. (n.d.) Retrieved from https://www.alphalabinc.com/content/tribo-electric-series/
Woodford, Chris. (2017) Piezoelectricity. Retrieved from http://www.explainthatstuff.com/piezoelectricity.html

Jenna Westfall (UR)- Turtles Vs. Plastics- Friends or food?

Plastic that looks similar to a sea turtles favorite snack, jellyfish.

I have always loved sea turtles since I was little. To me, they are just amazing creatures. For my Independent Research Project, I will be doing researched based on plastics inside sea turtles. A lot of people know that a sea turtles favorite snack is jellyfish which looks a lot like a plastic bag. So far, just doing a few searches on the internet, there is a huge majority of turtles that have inhaled plastic bags which just makes me wonder how many other plastics they inhale. Although I pretty much know what topic I want to do, I'm absolutely clueless as to where to start. If any of you have suggestions feel free to spill them out! I could definitely use some advice.

When this sea turtle was a baby, it was stuck in a plastic soda wrap. As it grew, its body formed around the plastic.

Karen (UR) Ducktales

Wow !!  A tiny little "nuisance" plant has the potential to do big things !

I have found so much research on Lemna minor that I don't even know where to start.  Suffice it to say, there are endless possibilities here so I am keeping my IRP to measuring the Nitrate levels in the water.  There is research being conducted, at Wildflower Preserve in Florida, on removing excess nutrients introduced by treated wastewater effluence when the land was being used as a golf course.  Their research has shown high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll in their test ponds.  Additionally, I have found some interesting articles from the African Journal of Aquatic Science on the remediation of eutropic water using Lemna minor and one on the NIH (National Institute of Health) website on bioremdiation for CAFO's (concentrated animal feeding operations). 


For my IRP, I will be using the Biotronette Mark III Environmental Chamber in the lab on the South campus in New Smyrna Beach.  This will allow me to monitor the plants on a daily basis.  I will be purchasing the Lemna minor in order to have a clean specimen.  Originally, I had planned to "fish" it out of a local pond, but after careful consideration, I was concerned about bringing unknowns into the lab area.  I plan on using 3 culture dishes, 1 will be a control, 1 will be a steady state and 1 will have 1/2 the plant matter removed weekly.  The culture dishes I will be using are 4 1/2 inch diameter with a 250ml capacity.  I will be using DI water (distilled water) and adjust the liquid volume to 150ml to account for the plant matter. The levels of nitrate will be monitored every 48 hours as well as the evaporation and transpiration rates.  Water levels will be adjusted accordingly. I will be adding a nitrogen fertilizer to the water every 48 hours also.  Due to the time constraints, because of spring break, I will not begin the experiment until March 19.

Environmental Chamber

 

Culture Dish

Ansari, A. A., & Khan, F. A. (2008). Remediation of eutrophic water using Lemna minor in a controlled environment. African Journal Of Aquatic Science, 33(3), 275-278. doi:10.2989/AJAS.2008.33.3.11.623

Burkholder, J., Libra, B., Weyer, P., Heathcote, S., Kolpin, D., Thorne, P. S., & Wichman, M. (2007). Impacts of Waste from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Water Quality. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(2), 308–312. http://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8839

“Wildflower Preserve Water Quality Initiatives.” Lemon Bay Conservancy, lemonbayconservancy.org/wildflower-preserve/wildflower-preserve-water-quality-initiatives/.