Elizabeth (UR) Water in my veins

Currituck County and the OBX

I have spent my entire life on the East Coast of the U.S. I was born in Norfolk, Va, grew up in a small county called Currituck in North Carolina and have lived in coastal Volusia County since 2000. The famous "OBX" aka The Outer Banks of North Carolina is where my mother and stepfather have spent the last 20 years... I still call it "HOME." It is rich with history, tiny fishing villages and thousands of tourists from May to September. I have always lived on or near a sound (a narrow stretch of water forming an inlet or connecting two wider areas of water such as two seas or a sea or a sea and a lake), a bay, a river or the Atlantic. 

My 1st shark. 1988

Beach seine fishing

I come from a "long line" (pun intended LOL) of fisherman. One grandfather was an oyster-man, another was a singer and fisherman, then there is my third grandpa (step but I love him just the same!!) who took me fishing every summer and I always out fished him. We had the best fish stories. My father loves fishing... mostly for my favorite fish, stripers; also known as rock fish. My brother loves beach seine finishing with my stepfather and stepbrother, but he is hunter of the family. My stepfather is a commercial fisherman on the Outer Banks. He soft crabs twice a year, beach seine nets in the summer, hard crabs if the catching is good, shrimps in the sounds of coastal North Carolina and he even oysters. The man LOVES to be on the water. I don't think he has blood in his veins... just salt water. I have learned a lot from him while fishing with him and listening to the fish tales at the fish houses and on the boats. My step brother has followed closely in his dad's footsteps and some days out fishes him :) he also shark fishes. We have shared our talks about this endeavor but coming from a long line of fisherman himself I know it's how he makes his living and it is in his blood too.

Helping the boys beach seine net fish

Dock fishing 2007

Little fishergirl

A rather OLD whelk
found at the Dry Tortugas 2018

I am not sure when my love of the ocean really happened; it goes back further than I can remember. I will say I have loved water all of my life. It is truly running through my veins and I think I have gills when I swim. In high school I took every science class I could. I loved it especially oceanography, marine biology, ecology, and biology. I got certified to scuba dive in my marine biology class. FUN! Growing up I spent weekends in the woods or on the water; whether at the beach playing in the water, trying to surf, fishing, crabbing picking up shells or laying with marine organisms in tide pools. Learning
new things meant listening and using dusty encyclopedias to see what I had found that day. If I had Google back then... MAN the things I would have known. :)

Over the year's life took hold and my dreams of being a Marine Ecologist and Environmentalist took

Orchid obsession

a back seat... a lot longer back seat than I liked or ever imagined until Daytona State began offering these degree programs! YAY!! So fast forward to present years... I work full-time, go to school part time some semesters and almost full time others. I have 4 furry creatures at home (cats and dogs) and an amazing husband. We love to travel. I LOVE orchids and gardening I would say as much as I love water. How is that possible you ask? Well, it is all intertwined... water, earth, air, right? Gardening is my relaxation after work. My weekend fun is homework (yes, because I get to learn!) and hiking local parks and trails, camping and visiting Florida's beautiful fresh water springs. Last year I got certified in freediving. It is an awesome experience and you truly feel like you belong underwater. All the worries of the world disappear, and you lose yourself in the beauty surrounding you.

Freediving in the springs.

Every time we go to a spring whether  I have been there a once or a hundred times I am awe struck. The water is always 72 degrees, usually crystal clear and you get to see wildlife underwater like turtles, fish and manatees. The springs are in danger though and that is pushing me towards where I want to go with my career. I am very big on plant and animal conservation and saving our wild spaces, but water conservation has my heart. Without the ocean our planet would never be the same; we wouldn't exist. Without the springs Florida loses its drinking water. It's up to us to get this planet and our bodies of water in check... we all contribute, and we can all do our part to help.

My husband (Ben) and I passively
viewing a manatee at a local spring.

sunshine and 72 degree water

So, I have rambled on about myself and my love of water and this EARTH! I hope you have enjoyed getting to know a little bit about me. I am full of fish stories, spring adventure stories and photos, gardening how to's and so much more... just ask, but be warned I might not be able to shut up. :)

Seth Dolan (UR) A Great Escape from the Great Lakes State

Seth Christopher Dolan, that’s my name, but my friends like to call me Dolan for some reason. I guess it just rolls off the tongue better? As of this Friday, the 25^th, I will be twenty years old.  I spent the first eighteen years of my life living in southern Michigan. A couple miles north of the Ohio border and just off Lake Erie's western shore in a little farm town called Bedford. Going to the Lake has always been one of my favorite ways to spend my free time. As soon as I was of age, I began to take our boat out on little weekend adventures to camp on uninhabited islands and sometimes even just the open water. My parents couldn’t keep me away from the water even if they wanted to. I come from a family of hunters and fishermen so naturally I grew up with an appreciation for the outdoors and the wildlife that inhabits it. 

Uninhabited Turtle Island in Lake Erie, Michigan on my Boat.

I was lucky enough to get away from the harsh cold winters and make the move to Ormond Beach right out of high school. I came to Daytona State College as a Physical Therapy major initially. After my second semester, I suddenly realized I was not interested or happy with my area of study anymore and needed to think deeply about what I wanted to pursue a career in. Finally, I realized what I should have known from the start. I wanted to study marine biology. It had always lingered in the back of my mind, but I always told myself it would be too hard or too competitive. Well, here I am now taking a leap of faith and going for something I love rather than something that is what some would call "practical" or a "safe choice". 

During my first year living here in Ormond beach, I have met some pretty amazing people. Specifically, my best friends Dalton and Tyler Dalecki and their wonderful mother Cindy who has become like a second mom to me. After my living situation fell apart, they took me in, and I became a part of their family and I couldn’t be more grateful for that. 

Dalton, Cindy, Myself and Tyler.

Fishing had always been one of my favorite pastime activities, however, Tyler introduced me to an entirely new realm of fishing for species I had never heard of before like snook and redfish and it took my love for fishing to a whole new level. I now fish at least four days a week. Whether it be for sharks, blues, jacks or whatever else is eating in the surf, or kayaking through the Tomoka River fishing for big snook, tailing reds or spawning tarpon, I am always out there. 

My Personal Best Snook (31").

Cindy was nice enough to put me in contact with a local paddle board company called Three Brothers Boards. I have been a tour guide doing paddle board tours for them around City Island for almost a year now and I must say it is, without a doubt, the perfect job for a college student to learn about how our local marine ecosystems operate and also to educate tourists on everything from sharks, dolphins and manatees to the harmful effects of plastics and runoff in our waterways. 

Last fall I took Mrs. Woodall’s OCE lecture course and I loved it. I am now in my fourth semester at Daytona State and I couldn’t be more excited to take part in this lab with you all. I truly look forward to what is ahead of us!

Jessica (UR) - The Crazy Turtle Lady

Westport, NY

Jessica Nicole Corrado. That is the name I was given on November 7, 1982. Born and raised in the state of New York. Now thinking about N.Y., you think of the city. Wrong! I grew in up a small town on Lake Champlain called Westport. About as far north and east as you an go in the state, but before you enter Canada or Vermont. My graduating class had 18 people in it and we all graduated. We had our very own Loch Ness monster, but ours is named Champy. Tons of people have seen him!

New Smyrna Beach, FL

I moved to New Smyrna Beach in 2010. Best decision I ever made! Moving so far from where I grew up gave me the courage to follow my dreams and go back to school. I always knew I wanted to work with animals. As a child, I remember wanting to be a veterinarian. Then I grew up.
My grandfather gave me my love of the ocean and my love of science. Moving to Florida gave me the opportunity to use both of my passions rolled into 1 awesome Major. Marine Biology!

Julianna, Joseph II, Joseph III

I met my husband while serving at a local restaurant, The Sand Bar Cafe. We were friends for a few years before dating and then getting married on February 18, 2017. I gained 2 step-children, which is perfect since I want no children of my own. We love to cruise! We have been to many of the islands in the Caribbean. My top 2 places are Cuba and Grand Cayman!

Havana, Cuba

 The Cuban culture has been one of the most amazing experiences. The people, the architecture, the food, the cars! We have been there twice!

Jess holding Juvenile Green

 Grand Cayman is by far my favorite! That is where the Cayman Turtle Farm is located. I was able to hold a juvenile Green Sea Turtle. I was also able to see Leatherbacks and a Kemp's Ridley.
I Love Sea Turtles!
I am the crazy turtle lady!

Best Shoes Ever!

Look at my truck. Heck, look at my wardrobe. I own sneakers with turtles on them!

"Jim", Juvenile Green

I named this one Jim! It didn't matter where I went around the tanks, this Green loved to follow me! We are planning another cruise soon so I can go back and hopefully see Jim again! He has special black marks on his head, so I would be able to recognize him easily enough!






Any more about me and you might start crying! If you have any questions about my travels or passions, don't hesitate to ask! I love talking about my life!

Gray (UR) - The Most Beautiful Baby in the World

The Baby

Me at 2 years old

I wanted to introduce everyone to the most beautiful baby ever. It's me, if you hadn't already figured it out! At least, that is what my mother said. Could she be a little biased, maybe? She did take me for a Gerber baby model interview. However, when she got there it was a residence, the shades were pulled and there were not any signs. Her motherly instinct said something was amiss. So she did not even get us out of the car. My career as a baby model ended before it even began.

The Farm

Berkshire cross pigs raised to sell and eat.

I grew up on a farm in southern Virginia. It was hard work, but we experienced a lot. We had all sorts of animals: some for food, some for work, some for pets and some just for fun. To the left is a picture of some Berkshire cross pigs, that were raised to sell and eat.  In addition to having animals from fowl to equine, we raised a multi-acre garden every year. Ugh, the upkeep was a tremendous and daunting task. When we finished weeding it was time to start all over. This went on for half the year.
After I graduated, I worked for a while, living on my own. Then I decided that I was going nowhere. So I joined the U.S. Navy. I took a contract as an avionic electronics technician, and fixed airplane electronics at Naval Air Station Jacksonville, FL for five years. After that I did some traveling and even moved to Phoenix, AZ for a year. Now I am in school full time on the G.I. Bill and working on an envitonmental science degree. 

The Fishing

Fishing at sunset
in Sanibel Island, FL

Jack Crevalle (Caranx hippos)
that I caught.

One of my favorite outdoor hobbies is fishing. Here are a few picture of my doing just that in Sanibel Island, FL.

The Marriage

My wife and I just after the ceremony

I recently got married, 12/22/18 to be exact. We became friends while I was in the navy and stayed friends for nine years. Then we decided to give dating a shot and were married soon after. We had a small intimate ceremony with an Irish theme. We decided on that theme because of the type of rings we chose. They are called "Claddagh." If you do not know about them, look it up, its a cool story. Above is a picture of us dressed up on our wedding day right after the ceremony. Her parents couldn't attend in person. So we decided to set up an iPhone and Skype them for the ceremony. Below is a picture of them joining in on the wedding photos. 

Her parents, on Skype, participating in the wedding photos

The Pets

The cats

I also love animals. Here are a few pictures of ones that reside in my home. To the right are my two cats. However, they are more like roommates that we support than pets. "Jet" is the stripped one. He got his name because he is the loudest purring cat on the planet. He was rescued from a hoarder with over 100 cats and he is 17lbs because he has an emmotional eating problem. He does play fetch and will sit on command for a catnip treat. The white one is "Widdle" because of how little she was when we first picked her up. She was smaller in size than a dollar bill. There is a picture of her, at six weeks old and weighing one pound, below. She was the baby of a neighborhood stray.

The day we brought "Widdle" home

Although I do love the cats, they are not my favorite animal. That is given to these guys: 

The ferrets

 Yes, they are ferrets! You guessed it. From left to right there names are: Eenie-meenie, Miney, and Mo. Yes, they are a business. Yes, there are three. They do best in groups. If they are by themselves they will become depressed and not eat. They sleep eighteen hours a day, but when they are awake and out it is full throttle. They give the cats their daily exercise. 

Well, that is me in a brief nutshell. I hope everyone has a great, fulfilling semester and fun in the field. I know I am looking forward to it.

If you fall flat on your face, atleast you fell forward and forward momentum is everything,

Gray Cochran

The End

Augustus (CUR) - Almost to the Finish Line

Sorry for the delay! Between school and the research I've gone a little scattered brained.
Over the past few weeks our little HOBO has been running non stop and collecting precious data. We have offloaded the data twice and have gotten some pretty good looking graphs.

Questions 

J Ogadah from section 101. I have some questions... How would rising sea levels affect human life in Florida? How would it affect animal life? Is there concrete evidence that Florida is sinking and the sea level is rising, or is it mostly a hypothesis at this point? Does global warming cause this? Could rising sea levels have any effect on weather?

Thank you for your questions, I'll answer them in order. Rising Sea Levels would easily affect human life and animal life in a multitude of ways, the most obvious being that we slowly start to lose land as the ocean rises, animals that are native to our coasts are pushed further inland or begin to leave to find new areas to live or breed. As for concrete evidence NASA has our waters rising at 3.2 mm/year as for Florida sinking, since it is on top of porous limestone which easily erodes over time due to water. Climate Change can have an affect on this certainly, as the world heats up ice deposits melt adding more water to the ocean causing it to rise. Rising sea level can absolutely have an affect on weather as well, as the waters get deeper and the world gets warmer it can easily produce more and more powerful storms and hurricanes, we have seen this recently with Irma, Michael and Harvey, 3 catastrophic storms back to back is something we have not experienced before but is becoming a more frequent occurrence.  

Small fibers, Big problems- CUR Allie

Microbeads found in toothpaste

Microbeads

    Many products humans manufacture, and use can be very harmful to the environment. For example, many beauty and health products contain microbeads. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration, in 2015 the U.S banned intentionally small designed plastics called microbeads. Identical to microplastic fibers, microbeads also infiltrate the waterways and our oceans. Both tiny micro pieces less than five millimeters long form an indestructible army, forcing aquatic species to adapt to their new environment. The ocean inhabits many forms of species with countless different hunting methods/ feeding habits/ location of food source and more. It would be easy for any animal to receive a mouthful of tiny microplastics and microbeads in attempts to eat, especially with an environment invaded with tiny little balls of inevitable harm.

  The article 'Our Oceans: A Plastic Soup' by Renee Cho, highlights one of Moore's expeditions in which hundreds of fish are investigated for microplastic consumption by conducting necropsies. The ending results were over 1/3 of the fish had ingested polluted plastic fragments. The same study showed a case of a 2.5-inch fish that had been recorded with 84 pieces of plastic in its stomach. That’s a full stomach for a tiny fish! Often the case is once they consume the plastics, they starve because their stomachs are full, and they cannot properly digest, resulting in internal blockages and death. In 1999 Moore’s research in the Central Pacific found six times more plastic than zooplankton in the water. Once the amounts of plastic start outnumbering the species, we have a problem. These are just a few examples of the fairly new studies on the consumption of plastics in aquatic life.

Laysan albatoss decomposed carcass

Photo: Algalita Marine Research Foundation

Laysan albatoss on Kure Atoll, North Pacific. 

Important Figure

Charles Moore: An oceanographer and boat captain. Known for discovery of 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch' an area of the Pacific Ocean overwhelmed with floating plastic debris, (3x the size of Texas). 

• Through continuous research and dedication, Moore has made numerous expeditions and collected important data concerning the increase of pollution in our seas. This relates to my research project because, just like my data- Moore has proven microplastics are affecting the aquatic environment. 
• More details on Moore's expedition's can be found on the  "Algalita Foundation's website".
• As well as this significant article written by Charles Moore, where he personally explains his strategy and discoveries.  

Work Cited:

Moore, Charles. “Trashed Across the Pacific Ocean, Plastics, Plastics, Everywhere.” Natural History Magazine, Nov. 2003, www.naturalhistorymag.com/htmlsite/master.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalhistorymag.com%2Fhtmlsite%2F1103%2F1103_feature.html.

“Our Oceans: A Plastic Soup.” State of the Planet, 18 June 2018, blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/01/26/our-oceans-a-plastic-soup/.

“When The Mermaids Cry: The Great Plastic Tide.” Plastic Pollution, plastic-pollution.org/.

US Department of Commerce, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “What Are Microplastics?” NOAA's National Ocean Service, 13 Apr. 2016, oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/microplastics.html.

Katie: What's a Blog Without A Video Here and There?

Hey Guys! I am so sorry for the late post but the videos have taken way longer to download onto my computer than I thought it would! But anyways the video does not have sound for some odd reason, so below each video is a brief description on what is happening. I will also put a brief description under the video so you know which tube and plate I am inoculating.




I had some questions from Samantha V. in OCE1001. She asked if the bacteria from the sharks mouths differentiate between different breeds of sharks and the answer to that is yes and no. Just like humans, sharks are all different. So no matter the breed or the age of the shark, all their mouths are different. Just how one snowflake cannot be the same neither can bacteria in different sharks mouths. Yes the may have some of the same bacteria but all the samples I have taken do not look the same. Some pictures are provided around!

Samantha also asked if the bite is more dangerous the bigger the shark is. To be completely honest I haven't been focusing on what the bites do to the person, but I've been focusing more on what bacteria is living in their mouths and identifying it.

Here we are inoculating the plates with Specimen 10. I used a loop which is basically a wire with a loop at the end of it. I stated with the TSA plate just so we can do the oxidase test and catalase test on. Next I clean the loop with a flame and let it cool down. The starch plate I did next and all I do is run a line down the middle of the plate so I can add iodine to it after a couple days. After that we do the Blood Agar Plate which will see if the bacteria needs nutrients to grow. Next will be the EMB plate which I streaked along the plate. Lastly I did the MAC plate which I just ran the loop across it.


This week I post the results for all the tests for you all to see!

Josh Munsey: Answering Questions

Hello everyone, I hope you all have had a good past couple of weeks. I'm hoping to get out fishing soon in the next couple of weeks so hopefully I will have a good update for you then. Anyways today I will be answering some of you guys' questions.
My first question is: Robert M. Section 102 I'm assuming you are using electronic tags on the sharks, what is the effective range of the tags and what is the furthest from the area have you seen them ping? 

Actually we do not use electronic tags as they cost to much and we do nut have the funding to do that. Also, the Scalloped Hammerheads we are trying to catch are of immature size and some of the electronic tags will damage the shark if used on immature sharks. The tags we use really on the shark being recaptured by someone and them reporting the info on the shark.


CJ N. OCE1001 I've known about this "nursing ground" by scalloped hammers myself but have not actually been able to gather information as to why either. Do you think it has to do with the inlet essentially being an estuary where there's a pretty large congregation of fish and these sharks have figured it out and kept coming back?

I think that has a very large role. I think that these Scalloped Hammerheads know that their pups will have plenty to feed on in this area as it is a place where many fish, especially batfish come to congregate and these immature sharks can learn how to hunt in this area. 

Giavanna B Sec 101 If Daytona Beach is a nursing ground for these sharks, what are the steps that would need to be taken to preserve them and their habitat so that they can avoid further depletion of their population?

These sharks are protected in Florida state waters but I think the best thing we can do, if this does turn out to be a nursing ground for these sharks is to get the word out there that this is a special place for these sharks to make sure that no one takes these shark illegally and if you do catch these sharks that you don't do anything to harm them in any extra way.

  J Ogadah from 101. What threats are there to the safety and wellbeing of the sharks?-- hunting, disease, habitat destruction, etc? And what can be done to help them?

These sharks are highly sought after all over the world for their fins, thankfully, however these sharks are protected in Florida so the only threats to them hunting wise are from illegal poachers. One of the bigger threats is from recreationally catching these sharks, Scalloped Hammerheads have been known to have very high stress levels and if left on the fishing line to long or handled the wrong way when caught, these sharks can become very damaged or even die due to the high levels of stress.

Samantha V. OCE 1001 I am really interested in the results of this project. But,

Do they hang around their birth spot for any amount of time before venturing further off into the ocean, and do they usually return to their birth spot as they get older?

This is something we really want to learn from this project. One of the main questions in this project is that if it is a birthing ground is it also a nursery ground for these sharks? We think yes but we still need more research to see whether or not these sharks stay in this area to grow up or if they are just born here and then leave and go somewhere else to grow up.  

Slowly Breaking Away.. CUR: Allie

How Microplastics develop in water

  Since the beginning of the global production and development of a plastic world, the percentage of production each year continues to grow greatly. Simultaneously, the amount of plastics and other artificial materials such as Styrofoam, are improperly discarded at an increasing rate into the native environment. Society has become undeniably reliant and dependent on materials often manufactured for one use only. Without the ability to naturally decompose, the breakdown process is like breaking off little tiny pieces of the substance, then breaking off little tiny pieces from that product and so on. This is called secondary microplastics.

Global plastic production from 1950 to 2016 (in million metric tons)

Trash clutters the shoreline

  The article 'When the mermaids cry: The great plastic tide' by Claire Le Guern addresses how truly toxic plastic is due to its own inherent properties. Properties including, buoyancy, durability and propensity to absorb waterborne pollutants create an incredibly long breakdown. The process of fragmentation into microscopic pieces leaves the sea water contaminated with toxic Bisphenol A (BPA) and other toxins. The disintegration of plastic is gradual. A combination of physical, biological and chemical processes can weaken the debris structure. Typically ensuing a fragmentation of the once whole product. Artificial materials and plastic products are seemingly convenient for humans, but in the long run outlive us with decomposition rates of 500+ years and leave a toxic impact on the environment.

Works Cited

“Global Plastic Production.” Statista, www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950/.

Le Guern, Claire. “Plastic Pollution.” Coastal Issues / Coastal Care, 2018, coastalcare.org/2009/11/plastic-pollution/.

Katie CUR: I Don't Know About You, But I'm Feeling 22!

22 Results of Biological Tests

I don't know about you, but im feeling 22..biological results that is. Jackson F. in section 31A asked me a question on last weeks blog post and I thought I would focus this blog post on the questions he asked. I have so far caught a total of 11 sharks. Some were caught by Josh Munsey and his dad and some were caught by me. We have a total of 11 samples, but the first 3 samples were contaminated so there are no results for those test. We have gotten samples from Scalloped Hammerheads, Sandbar, and Atlantic Sharpnose. We are trying to get more of a variety of sharks to swab, but fishing is a very tedious activity and with the hurricanes recently the waves have been a little high for my grandfather's boat!

Biological Tests: The Stains

The samples that are gathered are taken back to the Microbiology lab where I run biological tests on them. Soon we will hopefully be able to start classifying the bacteria once we figure out what type of identification test we need from them. I have made 3 tables with all of the biological tests I have ran and what they can tell us about the bacteria that grows on/in them.
I unfortunately lost my Go Pro to the ocean this past week while fishing and I wasn't able to do the virtual tour of me doing the biological tests. But do not worry because today I was able to get another one for my birthday so next week will be the week for the virtual lab tour.

Biological Test: The Plates

Biological Test: The Plates 

With that being said, get familiar with the stains and the plates since this week I will be doing the virtual lab with the plates and stains! If you have any questions leave them in the comments below!
Or feel free to email me at katelyn_digirolomo@daytonastate.edu.

Josh Munsey: How we get the Data!

Hello everyone, I hope all of you have had a good couple of weeks! Today I want to go over my procedures and some of the materials that I use so all of you know a little more about my project.

I typically go shark fishing within a mile and a half offshore of the Ponce Inlet Jetties. First to attract the sharks we use a constant output of chum. We then use a rod and reel setup with a hook, weight or float and line to catch the sharks. For bait, we typically use cut dead Bonita, whole dead Finger Mullet, or live Pinfish.

Bonita

Finger Mullet

Pinfish

Once we catch the shark we take a total length measurement, a fork length measurement, we take identification photos of the full body and the dorsal fin of the shark and we tag the shark depending upon the size. We use a spaghetti style tag to identify different individual sharks so if we or someone else catches the same shark we can gain data on the species.

Spaghetti Shark Tag

I received a question on my last post from Jackie sec. 102. We are collecting the data through the catching, tagging and measuring of the sharks. If we can catch enough Scalloped Hammerheads of juvenile size and maturity in this area then I believe that we have enough to prove that this is at least a nursery area for these sharks and if we get enough of the right data we can conclude that this is a birthing site for these sharks.

The New Food Chain- CUR: Allie

   Fay C. sec. 101. Have you found anything in the birds or fish? Why do they eat plastic?

   The current data collected within the Daytona Beach area, include the findings of positively identified microplastics consumed by 5 fish and 2 birds. These discoveries contain microplastic fibers and Styrofoam bits. Plastic is a foreign substance to the natural environment and unfortunately many animals end up consuming them. The two main reasons for this are succumbing to their surroundings by nature and mistaking microplastics for food. Regardless of how consumed, microplastics are found in the stomachs of many different species and have severe negative effects on the environment and the animal’s habitats that it invades.

Bass fish open wide while feeding 

   As stated in the article ‘How Freshwater Fish Eat: Usually in One Go’ by Max Lepley, it is referenced that many fish use a vacuum method to suck up their food. This occurs by opening their mouths and expanding their buccal cavity. Creating an area of low pressure as water rushes in from the outside, this captivates and traps any prey within their surroundings. Once the fish close their mouths, the food is caught, and the excess water is released through the gills. Generally, the larger the fish the stronger the suction. Tiny floating microparticles of plastic and other materials can easily be accidently accepted for prey or product of the environment. This is how plastic becomes part of the new food chain. 

Click here to watch a video that shows fishes' feeding method in a 3D demonstration.

This week, research continues..

   Recently recovered microplastics and styrofoam particles have been located in 3 local lionfish and 1 whiting fish.

Styrofoam bead found in Whiting fish

Styrofoam takes 500+ years to decompose into the natural environment. This styrofoam particle was found in a local Whitefish.

Microplastic fiber found in Lionfish #1

Lionfish #2

Lionfish #3

3/3 Lionfish after microscopic examination were found to have consumed microplastic fibers. 

   The next question I ask is, to what extent are our local fish/ marine animals influenced by the increase in foreign materials into their natural environment. Thank you for your question, as my research continues I hope you have many more!

Citations

Lepley, Max. “How Freshwater Fish Eat: Usually in One Go.” Infolific, 12 Oct. 2013, infolific.com/pets/fish-in-the-wild/underwater-eating/.

VOA. “Fish Use Whole Bodies When They Eat.” VOA, VOA, 19 July 2015, learningenglish.voanews.com/a/fish-use-whole-bodies-when-they-eat/2856879.html.